Bias testing

Technical measurement of whether an automated system produces disparate outcomes across demographic or other sensitive slices. It is required or practically essential under several frameworks XIRA tracks: NYC Local Law 144 (annual independent bias audits for covered hiring AEDTs, enforcement began July 5, 2023), the Colorado AI Act (impact assessments and annual discrimination reviews include bias evaluation; core deployer duties effective June 30, 2026), and Illinois Human Rights Act AI amendments that bar AI with discriminatory effects in employment (effective January 1, 2026). California FEHA (effective October 2025) does not mandate scheduled bias audits but creates employer liability for AI-driven discrimination in employment. Bias testing serves as practical evidence of reasonable care rather than a calendar compliance requirement. Federal EEOC technical assistance applies Title VII disparate-impact concepts to algorithmic selection tools; the FTC enforces Section 5 against unfair or deceptive AI fairness claims.

In the XIRA regulation catalog, 9 regulations currently tag obligations that relate to this topic.

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